Cultura
Pubblicità

Cultura

Nobel per l’Economia a Claudia Goldin per il gender gap

Nobel Economia alla statunitense Claudia Goldin per studi su gender gap

La studiosa americana, prima donna Professor of Economics ad Harvard, ha approfondito temi come partecipazione e retribuzione femminile nel mondo del lavoro negli ultimi tre secoli

9 ottobre 2023
Pubblicità

2' di lettura

Il premio Nobel 2023 per l’economia va a Claudia Goldin, storica economica ed economista del lavoro americana che attualmente è Professor of Economics all’Università di Harvard. È co-direttore del Gender in the Economy Study Group della Nber ed è stata direttrice del programma Development of the American Economy della Nber dal 1989 al 2017. Il riconoscimento va alla Goldin «per aver fatto progredire la nostra comprensione degli esiti del mercato del lavoro femminile».

Goldin è solo la terza donna a vincere il premio, secondo quanto riferisce Hans Ellegren, segretario generale dell’Accademia reale svedese delle scienze, a Stoccolma. «Comprendere il ruolo delle donne nel mercato del lavoro è importante per la società. Grazie alla ricerca innovativa di Claudia Goldin, ora sappiamo molto di più sui fattori sottostanti e sulle barriere che potrebbero essere affrontate in futuro», ha dichiarato Jakob Svensson, presidente del Comitato per il Premio in Scienze Economiche.

Pubblicità

Nasce dalle sue ricerche sulla partecipazione femminile al mercato del lavoro, e soprattutto sui differenziali di partecipazione e retribuzione nel corso di oltre due secoli, il premio Nobel assegnato oggi alla studiosa di 77 anni. La Goldin ha scoperto i fattori chiave delle differenze di genere nel mercato del lavoro, fornendo il primo resoconto completo sulle retribuzioni e sulla partecipazione delle donne al mercato del lavoro nel corso dei secoli. Donne che - continua la motivazione - «sono ampiamente sottorappresentate nel mercato del lavoro globale e, quando lavorano, guadagnano meno degli uomini». La studiosa - si spiega - «ha dimostrato che la partecipazione femminile al mercato del lavoro non ha avuto una tendenza al rialzo durante l’intero periodo, ma forma invece una curva a forma di U» con una partecipazione delle donne sposate in calo nella transizione da una società agricola a una industriale all’inizio del Diciannovesimo secolo, seguita da un aumento con la crescita del settore dei servizi all’inizio del Ventesimo secolo.

Nobel per l’economia, ecco chi lo ha vinto negli ultimi 10 anni

22 foto

STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN - DECEMBER 10: Professor Lars Peter Hansen, laureate of The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel acknowledges applause after he received his Nobel Prize from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden during the Nobel Prize Awards Ceremony at Concert Hall on December 10, 2013 in Stockholm, Sweden. (Photo by Pascal Le Segretain/WireImage)
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN - DECEMBER 10: Professor Robert J. Shiller, laureate of The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel acknowledges applause after he received his Nobel Prize from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden during the Nobel Prize Awards Ceremony at Concert Hall on December 10, 2013 in Stockholm, Sweden. (Photo by Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images)
The Nobel Prize winner in Economic Sciences 2013, Eugene F Fama, addresses the traditional Nobel Prize banquet at the Stockholm City Hall on December 10, 2013 following the Nobel Prize award ceremonies for Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, Literature and Economic Sciences. AFP PHOTO / JONATHAN NACKSTRAND (Photo credit should read JONATHAN NACKSTRAND/AFP via Getty Images)
2014 Economics Nobel Prize laureate, Jean Tirole talks during a seminar on the theme « Economic reforms in France: first assessment, challenges and prospects » on March 15, 2019 at Bercy [French Economy and Finance Ministry] in Paris. (Photo by Michel Stoupak/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
MADRID, SPAIN - MAY 29: Nobel Prize in Economics Angus Deaton attends the 10th Anniversary of 'Microfinanzas BBVA' at the BBVA Bank Foundation on May 29, 2017 in Madrid, Spain. (Photo by Carlos Alvarez/Getty Images)
British-born economist Oliver Hart is pictured after he was given the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel during the award ceremony of the Nobel Prizes in medicine, economics, physics and chemistry on December 10, 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden. Nobel laureates are honoured every year on December 10 -- the anniversary of the death of prize's founder Alfred Nobel, a Swedish industrialist, inventor and philanthropist. / AFP / Soren Andersson (Photo credit should read SOREN ANDERSSON/AFP via Getty Images)
Finnish economist Bengt Holmström is pictured after he was given the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel during the award ceremony of the Nobel Prizes in medicine, economics, physics and chemistry on December 10, 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden. Nobel laureates are honoured every year on December 10 -- the anniversary of the death of prize's founder Alfred Nobel, a Swedish industrialist, inventor and philanthropist. / AFP / Soren Andersson (Photo credit should read SOREN ANDERSSON/AFP via Getty Images)
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN - DECEMBER 10: Richard H. Thaler, laureate of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in economic sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel aknowledges applause after he received his Nobel Prize from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden during the Nobel Prize Awards Ceremony at Concert Hall on December 10, 2017 in Stockholm, Sweden. (Photo by Pascal Le Segretain/WireImage)
NEW HAVEN, CT - OCTOBER 08: Yale Professor William Nordhaus speaks during a press conference after winning the 2018 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences at Yale University on October 8, 2018 in New Haven, Connecticut. Professor Nordhaus' research has been focused on the economics of climate change, economic growth and natural resources. (Photo by Eduardo Munoz Alvarez/Getty Images)
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN - DECEMBER 10: Paul M. Romer, laureate of the 2018 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel receives his Nobel Prize from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden during the Nobel Prize Awards Ceremony at Concert Hall on December 10, 2018 in Stockholm, Sweden. (Photo by Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images)
US development economist Michael Kremer of the USA receives the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (R) during the Award ceremony on December 10, 2019 at the Concert Hall in Stockholm, Sweden. (Photo by Jonas EKSTROMER / TT NEWS AGENCY / AFP) / Sweden OUT / The erroneous mention[s] appearing in the metadata of this photo by Jonas EKSTROMER has been modified in AFP systems in the following manner: [adding SWEDEN OUT/Source is TT]. Please immediately remove the erroneous mention[s] from all your online services and delete it (them) from your servers. If you have been authorized by AFP to distribute it (them) to third parties, please ensure that the same actions are carried out by them. Failure to promptly comply with these instructions will entail liability on your part for any continued or post notification usage. Therefore we thank you very much for all your attention and prompt action. We are sorry for the inconvenience this notification may cause and remain at your disposal for any further information you may require. (Photo by JONAS EKSTROMER/TT NEWS AGENCY/AFP via Getty Images)
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN - DECEMBER 10: Professor Esther Duflo, laureate of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel receives his Nobel Prize from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden during the Nobel Prize Awards Ceremony at Concert Hall on December 10, 2019 in Stockholm, Sweden. (Photo by Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images)
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN - DECEMBER 10: Professor Abhijit Banerjee, laureate of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel acknowledges applause after he received his Nobel Prize from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden during the Nobel Prize Awards Ceremony at Concert Hall on December 10, 2019 in Stockholm, Sweden. (Photo by Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images)
Nobel laureate in Economic Science 2020 Paul R Milgrom holds a chair he signed at the Nobel Prize Museum in Stockholm, on December 6, 2022. - Sweden OUT (Photo by Jessica GOW / various sources / AFP) / Sweden OUT (Photo by JESSICA GOW/TT News Agency/AFP via Getty Images)
Professor Robert B. Wilson of Stanford University stands for a portrait after winning the 2020 Nobel Prize for Economics, in Stanford, California, U.S. October 12, 2020. REUTERS/Kate Munsch
Ambassador of Sweden to the United States Karin Olofsdotter awards Nobel diploma and medal to Economic sciences laureate Joshua D. Angrist during a ceremony at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC, on December 6, 2021. (Photo by Jim WATSON / AFP) (Photo by JIM WATSON/AFP via Getty Images)
Canadian-US economist David Card, winner of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021, poses after having left his autograph on a chair while visiting The Nobel Prize Museum in Stockholm, Sweden, on June 14, 2022. - Sweden OUT (Photo by Claudio BRESCIANI / TT News Agency / AFP) / Sweden OUT (Photo by CLAUDIO BRESCIANI/TT News Agency/AFP via Getty Images)
Nobel Prize in Economic Science 2021 laureate Dutch-American Guido W. Imbens (C) poses with a chair he signed at the Nobel Prize Museum in Stockholm, Sweden, on December 6, 2022, as his children stand beside him. - Sweden OUT (Photo by Jessica GOW / TT NEWS AGENCY / AFP) / Sweden OUT (Photo by JESSICA GOW/TT NEWS AGENCY/AFP via Getty Images)
US economist Douglas Diamond poses after having been awarded the The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2022 during the Nobel Prize award ceremony at the Concert Hall in Stockholm, Sweden on December 10, 2022. - - Sweden OUT (Photo by Christine OLSSON / TT NEWS AGENCY / AFP) / Sweden OUT (Photo by CHRISTINE OLSSON/TT NEWS AGENCY/AFP via Getty Images)
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN - DECEMBER 10: Dr Ben S. Bernanke receives the 2022 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden during the Nobel Prize Awards Ceremony at Stockholm Concert Hall on December 10, 2022 in Stockholm, Sweden. (Photo by Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images)
NEW YORK, UNITED STATES - 2023/10/03: Philip H. Dybvig, who won Nobel Prize in Economics in 2022 speaks during ceremony to unveil names of 6 Americans who won the prize in 2022 on Nobel Monument at Theodore Roosevelt Park. The obelisk honors all American Nobel Laureates, as well as the founder of the Nobel Prize, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. 7th grade students of Andersen public school 334 were attendance. (Photo by Lev Radin/Pacific Press/LightRocket via Getty Images)

La Goldin «ha spiegato questo modello come il risultato del cambiamento strutturale e dell’evoluzione delle norme sociali riguardanti le responsabilità delle donne per la casa e la famiglia». Nonostante la modernizzazione, tuttavia, «la crescita economica e la crescente percentuale di donne occupate nel Ventesimo secolo, per un lungo periodo di tempo il divario retributivo tra donne e uomini non si è ancora colmato». Claudia Goldin è stata la prima donna a diventare Professor of Economics ad Harvard. Il suo ultimo libro è Career & Family: Women’s Century-Long Journey into Equity, pubblicato nel 2021 dalla Princeton University Press.

Con il premio all’economia si concludono gli annunci relativi al 2023 dell’Accademia di Svezia. Riconoscimenti che, anche quest’anno, non hanno mancato di far discutere. Il Nobel per la pace è andato all’attivista iraniana Narges Mohammadi, quello per la letteratura allo scrittore norvegese Jon Fosse. Per la fisica sono stati premiati Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz e Anne L’Huillier per gli studi sugli attosecondi, mentre per la chimica i riconoscimenti sono andati Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus e Alexei Ekimov per i punti quantici. Archiviata la stagione della pandemia grazie ai vaccini, comprensibile che il premio Nobel per la medicina sia andato a Katalin Karikó e Drew Weissman per gli studi sui vaccini a mRna.

Riproduzione riservata ©
Pubblicità
Visualizza su ilsole24ore.com

P.I. 00777910159   Dati societari
© Copyright Il Sole 24 Ore Tutti i diritti riservati
Per la tua pubblicità sul sito: 24 Ore System
Informativa sui cookie  Privacy policy